The game industry requires innovations, as publishers cannot profit from constant release of repetitive sequels and imitations. Most developers cannot afford changing their development schedule mid-way, and require estimating their capabilities with available resources before production. In fact, the majority of commercial games do not produce profit. Failing to provide clear implications of game's expectations may result in exceeding allocated budget. However, it is important to estimate a game's financial requirements, such as development costs of individual features. Well-made games bring profit more readily. Development is normally funded by a publisher. Game making is considered both art and science. Games are developed as a creative outlet and to generate profit. Games are produced through the software development process. 4.3.7 Release schedules and "crunch time".The development of a complete game usually involves a team of 20–100 individuals with various responsibilities, including designers, artists, programmers, and testers. Mainstream commercial PC and console games are generally developed in phases: first, in pre-production, pitches, prototypes, and game design documents are written if the idea is approved and the developer receives funding, then full-scale development begins. The average cost of producing a triple-A video game slowly rose, from US$1–4 million in 2000, to over $5 million in 2006, then to over $20 million by 2010. However, in the late '80s and '90s, ever-increasing computer processing power and heightened expectations from gamers made it difficult for a single person to produce a mainstream console or PC game.
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At that time, owing to low costs and low capabilities of computers, a lone programmer could develop a full and complete game. Commercial game development began in the '70s with the advent of first-generation video game consoles and early home computers like the Apple I.
They required mainframe computers to run and were not available to the general public. The first video games, developed in the 1960s, were not usually commercialised.
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The independent game industry has been on the rise, facilitated by the growth of accessible game development software such as Unity platform and Unreal Engine and new online distribution systems such as Steam and Uplay, as well as the mobile game market for Android and iOS devices. Indie games usually take less time and money and can be produced by individuals and smaller developers. Development of traditional commercial PC and console games is normally funded by a publisher, and can take several years to reach completion. The effort is undertaken by a developer, ranging from a single person to an international team dispersed across the globe. Video game development (or gamedev) is the process of developing a video game.
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